Can a Felon Own a Bow? Federal Laws, Hunting Rights, and Legal Exceptions

According to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), federal law does not classify bows—compound bows, recurve bows, or longbows—as firearms. That means, under federal law, a convicted felon can legally own a bow for personal use—including sport, target shooting, or even hunting—unless restricted by state or local regulations.

What is the Law About Bow?

🔹 Federal Law

Under Title 18, U.S. Code § 922(g)(1), felons are prohibited from possessing:

• Firearms
• Ammunition
• Explosive devices

But bows are not firearms under federal law. So, the answer is Yes, a felon can legally own a bow under federal law. But the law varies from state to state.

State-by-State Variations: Not All Bows Are Treated Equal

While federal law gives the green light, some states add extra restrictions—especially when it comes to crossbows or felons on parole or probation.

Let’s look at a few examples:

If you’re on parole or probation, your officer or conditions of release may limit or prohibit possession of any weapon—including bows.

What Counts as a Bow?

Here are the types of bows and how they’re usually classified:

• Longbow – Traditional wood design, legal in all states
• Recurve Bow – Popular in Olympic archery, legal in all states
• Compound Bow – Uses pulleys, strong and accurate, legal for felons
• Crossbow – Often treated more like a firearm; regulations vary

Can Felons Hunt With a Bow?

In most states, yes, felons can legally hunt with a bow.

But there’s a checklist to go through:

1. Confirm State Laws – Contact your local Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
2. Check Probation or Parole Status – Get permission if needed
3. Buy a Valid Hunting License – Felons are usually not barred from applying
4. Use Legal Equipment – During the right hunting season

Example:

In Texas, according to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, a felon can hunt legally during archery-only seasons with a compound, recurve, or longbow—but not with a firearm.

Related Articles: Hardship Grants for Felons

When Can a Bow Be Illegal for a Felon?

Although bows are legal under federal law, a felon might lose this right under certain conditions:

• Violating parole or probation (e.g., if weapons are restricted)
• Possession of a bow on school or federal property
• Using a bow in a threatening or criminal act

Even a legal weapon becomes illegal when used with criminal intent.

Can a Felon Own a Crossbow?

Crossbows are a gray area. Here’s why:

• They use a trigger mechanism, which some states treat similarly to firearms.
• Some states, like New York, require special permits.
• Others, like Florida, may ban felons from using crossbows altogether.

Crossbows may or may not be legal, depending on your state. Check with your local DNR or parole officer.

 How to Stay Legal as a Felon Owning a Bow?

Here’s a simple checklist to stay out of trouble:

✅ Research your state’s laws – Don’t assume what’s legal in one state works in another
✅ Avoid crossbows unless confirmed legal
✅ Never modify the bow into a projectile weapon
✅ Keep hunting licenses and paperwork updated
✅ Avoid bringing bows into restricted zones (schools, airports, federal parks)
✅ Consult a lawyer or parole officer before purchase

Legal Tip from a Criminal Defense Attorney

“Owning a traditional bow is usually legal for felons, but crossbows often raise red flags. Always verify your rights at the state level. Don’t risk a probation violation over confusion.”
— Attorney Sam B., Defense Law Group, Missouri

Final Thought

The law generally supports the rights of felons to own and use traditional bows for recreation or hunting. However, crossbows, parole conditions, and state-specific rules can throw a wrench in the works if you’re not careful.

Bow ownership can be a safe, legal way to enjoy the outdoors and get back into hobbies—but always stay informed, stay legal, and when in doubt, get professional advice.

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