According to the U.S. Department of Justice, animal cruelty isn’t just a moral issue—it’s a criminal one. Over the last two decades, lawmakers across all 50 states have moved toward tougher penalties, with many forms of abuse now being classified as felony offenses. For example, the FBI began tracking animal cruelty crimes in 2016 as part of its National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), putting it on the same level as crimes like assault and arson.
What Counts as Animal Cruelty?
Animal cruelty covers a wide range of abusive acts. U.S. laws generally classify them into two main categories:
- Active cruelty (commission) – Direct, intentional harm.
- Examples: beating, burning, drowning, fighting, killing.
- Passive cruelty (omission) – Neglect and failure to provide basic care.
- Examples: starvation, lack of shelter, withholding medical treatment.
Both are punishable, but the severity of punishment depends on the intent, harm caused, and circumstances.
Is Animal Cruelty a Felony in the USA?
Yes, animal cruelty can be a felony—but not always.
- Misdemeanor animal cruelty: Lesser offenses, such as neglect or abandonment, often fall here. Penalties usually involve fines up to $1,000 and less than a year in jail.
- Felony animal cruelty: Severe acts, especially when they cause death, involve torture, or repeat offenses, elevate the charge to a felony. Felony convictions can lead to 1–7 years in prison, fines up to $250,000, and bans on animal ownership.
Federal Animal Cruelty Laws
While states have their own laws, the federal government stepped in with landmark legislation:
The PACT Act (2019)
The Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act makes certain acts of animal cruelty federal felonies.
- Covers crushing, burning, drowning, suffocating, impaling, or sexual exploitation of animals.
- Penalty: Up to 7 years in federal prison and fines.
- Applies even if cruelty happens across state lines or in federal jurisdictions.
This law was a huge milestone—before 2019, federal law mostly addressed animal fighting and transport.
Learn More: What is a Grifter & How to Detect One Early?
State-by-State Animal Cruelty Felony Laws
| State | Felony Animal Cruelty Law | Maximum Penalty |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 10 years prison, $15,000 fine |
| Alaska | Intentional cruelty = Felony | 2 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Arizona | Severe cruelty, torture = Felony | 1.5 years prison, $150,000 fine |
| Arkansas | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 6 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| California | Torture, mutilation, death = Felony | 3 years prison, $20,000 fine |
| Colorado | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 18 months prison, $100,000 fine |
| Connecticut | Intentional cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Delaware | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 2 years prison, $2,000 fine |
| Florida | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Georgia | Intentional cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $15,000 fine |
| Hawaii | Felony for aggravated cruelty | 5 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Idaho | Aggravated cruelty = Felony (since 2012) | 5 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Illinois | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $25,000 fine |
| Indiana | Torture = Felony | 3 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Iowa | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 2 years prison, $8,000 fine |
| Kansas | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 1 year prison, $5,000 fine |
| Kentucky | Felony cruelty for dogs/cats (since 2020) | 5 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Louisiana | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 10 years prison, $25,000 fine |
| Maine | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Maryland | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 3 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Massachusetts | Intentional cruelty = Felony | 7 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Michigan | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 10 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Minnesota | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 4 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Mississippi | Aggravated cruelty = Felony (since 2020) | 10 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Missouri | Torture, mutilation = Felony | 4 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Montana | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 2 years prison, $2,500 fine |
| Nebraska | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Nevada | Torture, intentional cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| New Hampshire | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 7 years prison, $4,000 fine |
| New Jersey | Torture, severe cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $15,000 fine |
| New Mexico | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 18 months prison, $5,000 fine |
| New York | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 2 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| North Carolina | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 8 months – 2 years prison |
| North Dakota | Aggravated cruelty = Felony (since 2019) | 5 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Ohio | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 12 months prison, $2,500 fine |
| Oklahoma | Torture, mutilation = Felony | 5 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Oregon | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $125,000 fine |
| Pennsylvania | Libre’s Law (2017): Felony cruelty | 7 years prison, $15,000 fine |
| Rhode Island | Felony for torture/cruelty | 5 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| South Carolina | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| South Dakota | Aggravated cruelty = Felony (since 2014) | 5 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Tennessee | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 6 years prison, $3,000 fine |
| Texas | Severe cruelty = Felony | 10 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Utah | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Vermont | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Virginia | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $2,500 fine |
| Washington | First-degree cruelty = Felony | 5 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| West Virginia | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 10 years prison, $5,000 fine |
| Wisconsin | Intentional cruelty = Felony | 3.5 years prison, $10,000 fine |
| Wyoming | Aggravated cruelty = Felony | 2 years prison, $5,000 fine |
When Does Animal Cruelty Become a Felony?
Animal cruelty becomes a felony in situations like:
- Severe injury or death of the animal
Example: A man in New Jersey was charged with a felony after drowning a puppy. - Torture, mutilation, or extreme pain
Example: Dogfighting organizers in Texas faced felony charges with long prison terms. - Repeat offenses
Many states upgrade second or third offenses to felonies automatically. - Crimes involving certain animals
Cruelty against service animals, police dogs, or endangered species often carries felony charges. - Organized animal cruelty
Running or participating in dogfighting or cockfighting rings is always a felony under federal and state law.
Real-Life Examples of Felony Animal Cruelty
- Michael Vick Case (2007): The NFL quarterback was sentenced to 23 months in federal prison for running a dogfighting ring.
- Texas Horse Starvation Case (2016): A ranch owner received felony charges after 70 horses were found starved, 6 dead.
- New York Cat Mutilation Case (2019): A man faced felony charges for killing and mutilating multiple cats.
These cases show the justice system increasingly treats animals as victims, not property.
Penalties for Felony Animal Cruelty
Here’s a breakdown of typical felony penalties across states:
- Prison time: 1 to 7 years (sometimes up to 10).
- Fines: $5,000 to $250,000.
- Probation: 1–5 years with mandatory counseling.
- Animal bans: Lifelong bans from owning pets in many states.
- Community service: Often required at shelters or animal welfare centers.
Why Felony Animal Cruelty Laws Matter?
Studies show a strong link between animal cruelty and human violence. The FBI notes that offenders who harm animals are more likely to commit domestic abuse, assault, or homicide later.
In other words: protecting animals helps protect communities.
Final Thought
So, is animal cruelty a felony? The answer is: yes, in the most severe cases. While neglect and minor cases may be misdemeanors, intentional harm, torture, organized fighting, and repeat offenses can land someone in felony territory—with years behind bars.
The bottom line? The U.S. legal system now recognizes animal cruelty as a serious violent crime, not a minor offense. And that shift is saving countless lives.
FAQs
Is animal neglect always a felony?
No, most neglect cases start as misdemeanors, unless extreme suffering or death occurs.
Can children be charged with felony animal cruelty?
Yes, but juvenile courts handle such cases differently, often focusing on rehabilitation.
Are farm animals protected the same as pets?
Yes, but agricultural practices are sometimes exempt from cruelty laws (a controversial loophole).
Can someone go to prison for hurting a dog?
Yes. In many states, intentionally killing or torturing a dog is a felony punishable by years in prison.
Which state has the toughest animal cruelty laws?
Illinois consistently ranks #1 for strongest protections, followed by Oregon, Maine, and California.
